동사변화, 불규칙변화
영어를 배우려면 반드시 외워야 하는 것이
바로 동사변화인데요. 특히 불규칙변화는
외우지 않고 피해갈 방법은 없어요.
대부분의 동사는 규칙적으로 변하기 때문에
억지로 외우지 않고 규칙만 알면 저절로
해결되지만, 불규칙하게 변하는 동사는
억지로라도 암기해야 합니다.
그런데 외울 때 외우더라도, 우리가 뭘
외우는 건지는 알고 외워야 겠죠?
기본적으로 영어의 동사는 변화합니다.
go – went – gone,
see – saw – seen …
이런 동사의 변화가 의미하는 건
바로 현재, 과거, 과거분사고,
이걸 우리는 동사의 3단변화라고 하며
구구단 외우듯 외우게 되는 거죠.
make – made – made
made in Korea
동사의 변화와 불규칙변화를 암기하는 것도 중요하지만,
문장과 표현 속에서 구분할 줄 아는 것이 더 중요합니다.
구분하지 못하면 외운 것도 소용없으니까요.
동사변화에 대한 이해
https://cafe.naver.com/powerhint/36
현재-과거-과거분사로 구성된 동사의 3단변화에서
놓치면 안되는 중요한 핵심은,
동사변화의 3번째, ‘과거분사’는 동사가 아니라는
사실을 이해하는 것입니다.
문장 속에서 동사역할을 할 수 있는 건
오로지 동사의 3단변화에서 앞에 2개
현재와 과거, 2개 뿐입니다.
불규칙동사 A-A-A Type
cast 던지다 cast-cast-cast (casting)
cost 비용이 들다 cost-cost-cost (costing)
cut 자르다 cut-cut-cut (cutting)
hit 때리다. 충돌하다 hit-hit-hit (hitting)
hurt 고통받다. 아프다. 아프게 하다 hurt-hurt-hurt (hurting)
let 허락하다 let-let-let (letting)
put 놓다 put-put-put (putting)
set 배치하다 (해,달이)지다 set-set-set (setting)
upset 기분 상하게 하다 upset-upset-upset (upsetting)
read 읽다 read-read-read (reading)
shut 닫다 shut-shut-shut (shutting)
rid 없애다 rid-rid-rid (ridding)
forecast 예상하다 forecast-forecast-forecast (forcasting) (forcasting)
forecast-forecasted-forecasted
broadcast 방송하다 broadcast-broadcast-broadcast (broadcasting)
broadcast-broadcasted-broadcasted
bet 내기하다 bet-bet-bet (betting)
bid 입찰하다 bid-bid-bid (bidding)
영어의 특징,
동사의 변화와 과거분사에 대한 힌트 :
https://youtu.be/EYCNEuBkKqI
불규칙동사 A-B-B Type
have 가지다 have-had-had (having)
make 만들다 make-made-made (making)
buy 사다 buy-bought-bought (buying)
catch 잡다 catch-caught-caught (catching)
build 건설하다 build-built-built (building)
meet 만나다 meet-met-met (meeting)
burn 태우다 burn-burned-burned (burning) burn-burnt-burnt (burning)
feel 느끼다 feel-felt-felt (feeling)
fight 싸우다 fight-fought-fought (fighting)
find 찾다 find-found-found (finding)
found 설립하다 found-founded-founded (founding)
hear 듣다 hear-heard-heard (hearing)
lie 거짓말하다 lie-lied-lied (lying)
hold 쥐다. 잡다 hold-held-held (holding)
keep 지키다 keep-kept-kept (keeping)
learn 배우다 learn-learnt-learnt (learning) learn-learned-learned (learning)
teach 가르치다 teach-taught-taught (teaching)
pay 지불하다 pay-paid-paid (paying)
smell 냄새가 나다. 냄새 맡다
smell-smelt-smelt (smelling)
smell-smelled-smelled (smelling)
seek 구하다, 찾다 seek-sought-sought (seeking)
sell 팔다 sell-sold-sold (selling)
stand 서다 stand-stood-stood (standing)
shine 빛나다 shine-shone-shone (shining)
shoot 쏘다 shoot-shot-shot (shooting)
send 보내다 send-sent-sent (sending)
say 말하다 say-said-said (saying)
tell 말하다 tell-told-told (telling)
speed 과속하다 speed-sped-sped (speeding)
spell 철자를 쓰다 spell-spelt-spelt (spelling)
spell-spelled-spelled (spelling)
spin 회전하다 spin-spun-spun (spinning)
think 생각하다 think-thought-thought (thinking)
leave 떠나다 leave-left-left (leaving)
lend 빌려주다 lend-lent-lent (lending)
lose 잃다 lose-lost-lost (losing)
light 불을 커다 light-lit-lit (lighting)
light-lighted-lighted
lead 이끌다 lead-led-led (leading)
mislead 잘못 이끌다 mislead-misled-misled (misleading)
understand 이해하다 understand-understood-understood (understanding)
win 이기다 win-won-won (winning)
spoil 망치다 spoil-spoilt-spoilt (spoiling) spoil-spoiled-spoiled (spoiling)
dream 꿈꾸다 dream-dreamed-dreamed (dreaming)
dream-dreamt-dreamt (dreaming)
bend 구부러지다, 꺽어지다 bend-bent-bent (bending)
bind 묶다 bind-bound-bound (binding)
bleed 출혈하다 bleed-bled-bled (bleeding)
breed 동물이 새끼를 낳다, 번식시키다 breed-bred-bred (breeding)
burst 터지다 burst-burst-burst (bursting)
cling 매달리다 cling-clung-clung (clinging)
feed 먹이다 feed-fed-fed (feeding)
grind 갈다 grind-ground-ground (grinding)
hang 매달리다 hang-hung-hung (hanging)
hang 교수형에 처하다 hang-hanged-hanged
kneel 무릎 꿇다 kneel-knelt-knelt (kneeling)
kneel-kneeled-kneeled (kneeling)
knit 뜨개질하다 knit-knit-knit (knitting)
knit-knitted-knitted (knitting)
mean 의미하다 mean-meant-meant (meaning)
lay 눕히다. 놓다. 낳다 lay-laid-laid (laying)
lean 기울이다 lean-leant-leant (leaning)
lean-leaned-leaned (leaning)
leap 도약하다 leap-leapt-leapt (leaping)
leap-leaped-leaped (leaping)
sit 앉다 sit-sat-sat (sitting)
sleep 자다 sleep-slept-slept (sleeping)
slide 미끄러지다 slide-slid-slid (sliding)
sling 내던지다 sling-slung-slung (slinging)
slit 째다. 쪼개다 slit-slit-slit (slitting)
spit 침릉 뱉다 spit-spat-spat (spitting)
split 쪼개다 split-split-split (splitting)
spread 펼치다 spread-spread-spread (spreading)
strike 치다 strike-struck-struck (striking)
string 구슬을 실에 꿰다 string-strung-strung (stringing)
thrust 밀다 thrust-thrust-thrust (thrusting)
deal 다루다 deal-dealt-dealt (dealing)
dig 파다 dig-dug-dug (digging)
flee 도망가다. 벗어나다 flee-fled-fled (fleeing)
fling 열어젖히다. 팽개치다 fling-flung-flung (flinging)
sweep 휙 지나가다 sweep-swept-swept (sweeping)
creep 살금사금 움직이다, 조금씩 발전하다 creep-crept-crept (creeping)
weep 울다 weep-wept-wept (weeping)
wind 감다. 굽이치다 wind-wound-wound (winding)
wring 비틀다 wring-wrung-wrung (wringing)
swing 흔들다. 흔들리다 swing-swung-swung (swinging)
stick 찌르다.꽂히다 stick-stuck-stuck (sticking)
sting 쏘다 sting-stung-stung (stinging)
불규칙동사 A-B-C Type
begin 시작하다 begin-began-begun (beginning)
bite 물다 bite-bit-bitten
blow 바람이 불다, 입으로 불다 blow-blew-blown (blowing)
break 깨다. 깨지다 break-broke-broken (breaking)
choose 선택하다 choose-chose-chosen (choosing)
mistake 실수하다 mistake-mistook-mistaken (mistaking)
ride 타다 ride-rode-ridden (riding)
rise 일어나다. 솟아오르다 rise-rose-risen (rising)
see 보다 see-saw-seen (seeing)
do 하다 do-did-done (doing)
draw 그리다 draw-drew-drawn (drawing)
drink 마시다 drink-drank-drunk (drinking)
drive 운전하다 drive-drove-driven (driving)
eat 먹다 eat-ate-eaten (eating)
fall 떨어지다 fall-fell-fallen (falling)
fly 날다 fly-flew-flown (flying)
forget 잊다 forget-forgot-forgotten (forgetting)
forgive 용서하다 forgive-forgave-forgiven (forgiving)
freeze 얼다 freeze-froze-frozen (freezing)
get 받다 (순간적인 취득) get-got-got (영) (getting)
get-got-gotten (미) (getting)
give 주다 give-gave-given (giving)
go 가다 go-went-gone (going)
grow 자라다 grow-grew-grown (growing)
hide 숨기다 hide-hid-hidden (hiding)
know 알다 know-knew-known (knowing)
show 보여주다 show-showed-shown (showing)
show-showed-showed (showing)
sing 노래하다 sing-sang-sung (singing)
speak 말하다 speak-spoke-spoken (speaking)
write 쓰다 write-wrote-written (writing)
take 취하다 take-took-taken (taking)
steal 훔치다 steal-stole-stolen (stealing)
swim 수영하다 swim-swam-swum (swimming)
throw 던지다 throw-threw-thrown (throwing)
wake 잠을 깨다. 깨우다 wake-woke-woken (waking)
wear 입다 wear-wore-worn (wearing)
prove 증명하다 prove-proved-proven (proving)
prove-proved-proved (proving)
ring 울리다 ring-rang-rung (ringing)
arise 발생하다, 생기다 arise-arose-arisen (arising)
awake 깨어나다 awake-awoke-awoken (awaking)
bear 낳다, 견디다(참다) bear-bore-born[borne] (bearing)
beat 때리다 beat-beat-beaten (beating)
bid 명령하다, 작별인사하다 bid-bade-biden (bidding)
lie 놓다. 눕다 lie-lay-lain (lying)
sew 바느질하다 sew-sewed-sewn (sewing)
sew-sewed-sewed (sewing)
shake 흔들다 shake-shook-shaken (shaking)
shrink 수축하다 shrink-shrank-shrunk (shrinking)
sink 가라앉다 sink-sank-sunk (sinking)
spring 튀어오르다 spring-sprang-sprung (springing)
stink 악취가 풍기다 stink-stank-stunk (stinking)
stink-stunk-stunk (stinking)
stride 성큼성큼 걷다 stride-strode-stridden (striding)
strive 애쓰다 strive-strove-striven (striving)
strive-strived-strived (striving)
swear 맹세하다. 욕하다 swear-swore-sworn (swearing)
swell 부풀다 swell-swelled-swollen (swelling)
swell-swelled-swelled (swelling)
tear 찢다 tear-tore-torn (tearing)
tread 밟아 으깨다 tread-trod-trodden (treading)
tread-trod-trod (treading)
undergo 겪다 undergo-underwent-undergone (undergoing)
undertake 의무를 지다 undertake-undertood-undertaken (undertaking)
forbid 금하다 forbid-forbade-forbidden (forbidding)
forbid-forbad-forbidden (forbidding)
undo 무효로 하다 undo-undid-undone (undoing)
weave 천을 짜다 weave-wove-woven (weaving)
